The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on playing'
Important note: This article contains descriptions of racially offensive comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person education on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed on and off the field with free sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable fellow players will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and keep carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022